The Spleen Is an HIV-1 Sanctuary During Combined Antiretroviral Therapy.
Title | The Spleen Is an HIV-1 Sanctuary During Combined Antiretroviral Therapy. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2018 |
Authors | Nolan, DJ, Rose, R, Rodriguez, PH, Salemi, M, Singer, EJ, Lamers, SL, McGrath, MS |
Journal | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
Volume | 34 |
Issue | 1 |
Pagination | 123-125 |
Date Published | 2018 01 |
ISSN | 1931-8405 |
Keywords | Adult, Aged, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Genes, gag, HIV Infections, HIV Seropositivity, HIV-1, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Proviruses, RNA, Viral, Spleen, Viral Load, Viral Proteins |
Abstract | Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) does not eradicate HIV, which persists for years and can re-establish replication if treatment is stopped. The current challenge is identifying those tissues harboring virus through cART. Here, we used HIV env-nef single genome sequencing and HIV gag droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to survey 50 tissues from five subjects on cART with no detectable plasma viral load at death. The spleen most consistently contained multiple proviral and expressed sequences (4/5 participants). Spleen-derived HIV demonstrated two distinct phylogenetic patterns: multiple identical sequences, often from different tissues, as well as diverse viral sequences on long terminal branches. Our results suggested that ddPCR may overestimate the size of the tissue-based viral reservoir. The spleen, a lymphatic organ at the intersection of the immune and circulatory systems, may play a key role in viral persistence. |
DOI | 10.1089/AID.2017.0254 |
Alternate Journal | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PubMed ID | 29084441 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC5771542 |
Grant List | R01 MH100984 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States R01 NS063897 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States U24 MH100929 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States |