Socioeconomic Status and Neuropsychological Functioning: Associations in an Ethnically Diverse HIV+ Cohort.
Title | Socioeconomic Status and Neuropsychological Functioning: Associations in an Ethnically Diverse HIV+ Cohort. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Authors | Arentoft, A, Byrd, D, Monzones, J, Coulehan, K, Fuentes, A, Rosario, A, Miranda, C, Morgello, S, Mindt, MRivera |
Journal | Clin Neuropsychol |
Volume | 29 |
Issue | 2 |
Pagination | 232-54 |
Date Published | 2015 |
ISSN | 1744-4144 |
Keywords | Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Attention, Cohort Studies, Ethnic Groups, European Continental Ancestry Group, Executive function, Female, HIV Infections, HIV Seropositivity, Humans, Internal, Linear Models, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Minority Groups, Neuropsychological Tests, Social Class, Verbal Learning, Young Adult |
Abstract | OBJECTIVE: There is limited research examining the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and neuropsychological functioning, particularly in racial/ethnic minority and HIV+ populations. However, there are complex associations between poverty, education, HIV disease, race/ethnicity, and health outcomes in the US.METHOD: We explored these relationships among an ethnically diverse sample of 134 HIV+ adults using a standardized SES measure (i.e., the Hollingshead scale), a comprehensive NP test battery, and a functional evaluation (i.e., Patient's Assessment of Own Functioning Inventory and Modified Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale).RESULTS: Bivariate analyses showed that adult SES was significantly, positively correlated with neuropsychological performance on specific tests within the domains of verbal fluency, attention/concentration, learning, memory, processing speed, and executive functioning, and childhood SES was significantly linked to measures of verbal fluency, processing speed, and executive functioning. In a series of linear regressions, controlling for SES significantly attenuated group differences in NP test scores between racial/ethnic minority individuals and non-Hispanic White individuals. Finally, SES scores significantly differed across HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) diagnoses. In a binary logistic regression, SES was the only independent predictor of HAND diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS: HIV+ individuals with lower SES may be more vulnerable to HIV-associated neuropsychological sequelae due to prominent health disparities, although the degree to which this is influenced by factors such as test bias remains unclear. Overall, our results suggest that SES is significantly linked to neuropsychological test performance in HIV+ individuals, and is an important factor to consider in clinical practice. |
DOI | 10.1080/13854046.2015.1029974 |
Alternate Journal | Clin Neuropsychol |
PubMed ID | 25871409 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC4443910 |
Grant List | K23MH079718 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States R24 MH059724 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States U24 MH100931 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States U24MH100931 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States N01MH022005 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States U01MH083501 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States U01 MH083501 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States N01MH22005 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States K23 MH079718 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States N01 MH022005 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States |